For Pakistan, climate action is not a choice—it is a necessity
Climate change is no longer a distant threat—it is a present-day reality, and Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world. The impacts are visible, frequent, and devastating. From melting glaciers in the north to prolonged droughts in the south, the country is already bearing the brunt of rising global temperatures.
Pakistan contributes less than 1% to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it consistently ranks among the top 10 countries most affected by climate change. The summer of 2022 brought this reality into sharp focus when unprecedented monsoon rains caused massive floods, submerging one-third of the country, displacing millions, and costing the economy over $30 billion. Recovery has been slow, and the damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and livelihoods continues to haunt those affected.
Glacial melt in the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush ranges poses a dual threat. On one hand, it leads to sudden glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), endangering lives and property downstream. On the other, it threatens long-term water availability for millions who rely on river systems fed by these glaciers. This precarious situation underscores the urgent need for climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Urban centers like Karachi and Lahore are facing the urban heat island effect, with temperatures reaching dangerous levels. Meanwhile, Balochistan and Tharparkar are experiencing prolonged droughts, contributing to food insecurity and migration. Changes in rainfall patterns are affecting crop yields, directly impacting food supplies and rural incomes. The agriculture sector, which employs a significant portion of Pakistan’s workforce, is under increasing pressure.
Despite these challenges, climate change has not received the policy priority it deserves. While Pakistan has made efforts such as the Billion Tree Tsunami project and has actively participated in global climate forums, more robust, long-term strategies are needed. Climate resilience must be integrated into all aspects of planning, from infrastructure to agriculture and disaster preparedness.
International cooperation is equally crucial. Pakistan needs financial and technical support from developed nations, who bear a greater historical responsibility for carbon emissions. At the same time, the government must ensure transparency, accountability, and efficient use of climate funds.
Pakistan’s youth, civil society, and private sector also have vital roles to play. Awareness campaigns, green innovation, and sustainable practices must be encouraged at every level.
Climate change is not just an environmental issue—it is a national security threat. If left unaddressed, it will exacerbate poverty, trigger mass migrations, and fuel conflict over scarce resources. The time to act is now. For Pakistan, climate action is not a choice—it is a necessity.
